Mark L. Hudak, M.D.

Mark L. Hudak M.D.

Professor & Chair, Department of Pediatrics; Chief, Division of Neonatology; Interim Chief, Division of Rheumatology; Associate Director NICU Wolfson Children's Hospital; Associate Dean for Managed Care

Department: Department of Pediatrics
Business Phone: (904) 244-3056
Business Email: mark.hudak@jax.ufl.edu

Board Certifications

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

Clinical Profile

Specialties
  • Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
Interests
  • Clinical Special Interests: Neonatal cardiopulmonary physiology; neonatal infections; neonatal neurodevelopmental follow-up; necrotizing enterocolitis
  • Research Special Interests: Neonatal cardiopulmonary physiology; neonatal infections; neonatal neurodevelopmental follow-up; necrotizing enterocolitis; National Children's Study

Publications

2023
A quality improvement initiative to reduce the time to initial maternal visit in the neonatal intensive care unit
Journal of Perinatology.():-[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-023-01726-0.[PMID] .
2023
Environmental influences on child health outcomes: cohorts of individuals born very preterm.
Pediatric research.93(5):1161-1176[DOI] 10.1038/s41390-022-02230-5.[PMID] 35948605.
2023
Health Care Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Individuals Born Preterm.
JAMA network open.6(4):e2310696-[DOI] 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10696.[PMID] 37115545.
2023
Maternal and Newborn Hospital Outcomes of Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A National Registry.
Pediatrics.151(2):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2022-059595.[PMID] 36995183.
2023
Medicaid and newborn care: challenges and opportunities
Journal of Perinatology.43(8):1072-1078[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-023-01714-4.[PMID] .
2023
Using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Wisely: A National Survey of Clinicians Regarding Practices for Lower-Acuity Care.
The Journal of pediatrics.253():165-172.e1[DOI] 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.036.[PMID] 36181871.
2022
Changes in BMI During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Pediatrics.150(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2022-056552.[PMID] 35768891.
2022
Charge Nurses Taking Charge, Challenging the Culture of Culture-Negative Sepsis, and Preventing Central-Line Infections to Reduce NICU Antibiotic Usage.
American journal of perinatology.39(8):861-868[DOI] 10.1055/s-0040-1719079.[PMID] 33142341.
2022
Considerations in the Determination of Medical Necessity in Children: Application to Contractual Language.
Pediatrics.150(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2022-058882.[PMID] 36045299.
2022
Dual medication therapy (acetaminophen and ibuprofen) for the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Perinatology.42(12):1654-1661[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-022-01500-8.[PMID] .
2022
Economic analysis of a pediatric neurosurgery telemedicine clinic.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.29(5):590-595[DOI] 10.3171/2021.12.PEDS21403.[PMID] 35120321.
2022
Effectiveness of Dual Medication Therapy (Oral Acetaminophen and Oral Ibuprofen) for the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Premature Infants: A Feasibility Trial.
American journal of perinatology.39(12):1326-1333[DOI] 10.1055/s-0040-1722329.[PMID] 33454945.
2022
Electrophysiological effects and clinical utility of propafenone in children.
Cardiology in the young.32(4):623-627[DOI] 10.1017/S1047951121002857.[PMID] 34321127.
2022
Improving Outcomes through a Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Collaborative in Maryland.
American journal of perinatology.():-[DOI] 10.1055/a-1817-5522.[PMID] 35381608.
2022
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates following Maternal SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Infection.
American journal of perinatology.39(11):1166-1171[DOI] 10.1055/a-1682-3075.[PMID] 34710939.
2022
Perinatal COVID-19 maternal and neonatal outcomes at two academic birth hospitals
Journal of Perinatology.42(10):1338-1345[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-022-01446-x.[PMID] 35778485.
2022
Respiratory support strategies in the management of severe, longstanding bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Frontiers in pediatrics.10():1016204-[DOI] 10.3389/fped.2022.1016204.[PMID] 36452354.
2022
Scope of Health Care Benefits for Neonates, Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Through Age 26.
Pediatrics.150(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2022-058881.[PMID] 36032024.
2022
Stannsoporfin with phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia in newborn hemolytic disease
Journal of Perinatology.42(1):110-115[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-021-01223-2.[PMID] .
2022
Variation in United States COVID-19 newborn care practices: results of an online physician survey.
BMC pediatrics.22(1):55-[DOI] 10.1186/s12887-022-03129-0.[PMID] 35062906.
2021
Antibiotic Safety and Effectiveness in Premature Infants With Complicated Intraabdominal Infections.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal.40(6):550-555[DOI] 10.1097/INF.0000000000003034.[PMID] 33902072.
2021
Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts.
JAMA network open.4(4):e217523-[DOI] 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7523.[PMID] 33890989.
2021
Blood metabolomics in infants enrolled in a dose escalation pilot trial of budesonide in surfactant.
Pediatric research.90(4):784-794[DOI] 10.1038/s41390-020-01343-z.[PMID] 33469180.
2021
Consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the perinatal period.
Current opinion in pediatrics.33(2):181-187[DOI] 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001004.[PMID] 33651756.
2021
COVID-19 and Gender Disparities in Pediatric Cardiologists with Dependent Care Responsibilities.
The American journal of cardiology.147():137-142[DOI] 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.02.017.[PMID] 33640368.
2021
Effects of standardized feeding protocol on growth velocity and necrotizing enterocolitis in extremely low birth weight infants
Journal of Perinatology.41(1):134-139[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-020-00892-9.[PMID] .
2021
Increasing usage of mother’s own milk in neonates at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome: MOM-NAS quality improvement initiative
Journal of Perinatology.41(11):2684-2689[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-021-01209-0.[PMID] .
2021
Leveraging the Massachusetts perinatal quality collaborative to address the COVID-19 pandemic among diverse populations
Journal of Perinatology.41(11):2674-2683[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-021-01136-0.[PMID] 34226648.
2021
Multilevel factors associated with length of stay for neonatal abstinence syndrome in Florida’s NICUs: 2010–2015
Journal of Perinatology.41(6):1389-1396[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-020-00815-8.[PMID] .
2021
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19: coreporting of common outcomes from PAN-COVID and AAP-SONPM registries.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.57(4):573-581[DOI] 10.1002/uog.23619.[PMID] 33620113.
2021
Remote Lactation Support in the COVID-19 Era.
NeoReviews.22(6):e392-e397[DOI] 10.1542/neo.22-6-e392.[PMID] 34074644.
2020
A Framework for Coordination between Obstetric and Pediatric Providers in Public Health Emergencies: Lessons Learned from the Zika Outbreak in the United States, 2015 to 2017.
American journal of perinatology.37(10):982-990[DOI] 10.1055/s-0040-1712104.[PMID] 32438426.
2020
Assessing the Burden of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Validation of ICD-9-CM Data, Florida, 2010-2011.
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP.26(1):E1-E8[DOI] 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000897.[PMID] 31765350.
2020
Comparison of extubation success using noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NI-NAVA)
Journal of Perinatology.40(8):1202-1210[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-019-0578-4.[PMID] 31911641.
2020
Costs and Use for Children With Medical Complexity in a Care Management Program.
Pediatrics.145(4):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2019-2401.[PMID] 32229620.
2020
COVID-19 and Newborn Care: April 2020.
Pediatrics.146(5):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2020-002824.[PMID] 32848026.
2020
Diagnosis Codes and Case Definitions for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.
Pediatrics.146(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2020-0567.[PMID] 32848030.
2020
Dose-escalation trial of budesonide in surfactant for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low gestational age high-risk newborns (SASSIE).
Pediatric research.88(4):629-636[DOI] 10.1038/s41390-020-0792-y.[PMID] 32006953.
2020
Epinephrine for Neonatal Resuscitation: The Limits of Knowledge.
Pediatrics.146(4):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2020-019968.[PMID] 32907922.
2020
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Neonates Randomized to Morphine or Methadone for Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.
The Journal of pediatrics.219():146-151.e1[DOI] 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.018.[PMID] 31987653.
2020
Principles of Financing the Medical Home for Children.
Pediatrics.145(1):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2019-3451.[PMID] 31871247.
2020
Retrospective Analysis of Short-Term Respiratory Outcomes of Three Different Steroids Used in Clinical Practice in Intubated Preterm Infants.
American journal of perinatology.37(14):1425-1431[DOI] 10.1055/s-0039-1694004.[PMID] 31382299.
2020
The impact on the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months of life of introducing supplementary donor milk into the level 1 newborn nursery
Journal of Perinatology.40(7):1109-1114[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-020-0657-6.[PMID] .
2019
Fetal Opioid Exposure and Smaller Birth Head Circumference: Cause for Concern?
Pediatrics.143(1):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2018-3376.[PMID] 30530640.
2019
Rifampin Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Preterm and Term Infants.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.63(6):-[DOI] 10.1128/AAC.00284-19.[PMID] 30910891.
2019
Successful implementation of an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) bundle in reducing severe ICH: a quality improvement project
Journal of Perinatology.39(1):143-151[DOI] 10.1038/s41372-018-0257-x.[PMID] .
2019
Surfactant status and respiratory outcome in premature infants receiving late surfactant treatment
Pediatric Research.85(3):305-311[DOI] 10.1038/s41390-018-0144-3.[PMID] 30140069.
2018
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Methadone vs Morphine for Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA pediatrics.172(8):741-748[DOI] 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1307.[PMID] 29913015.
2018
General Pediatricians and Value-Based Payments.
Pediatrics.142(4):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2018-0502.[PMID] 30237230.
2018
Glucose Gel in Infants at Risk for Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia.
American journal of perinatology.35(11):1050-1056[DOI] 10.1055/s-0038-1639338.[PMID] 29579758.
2018
Increased Medicaid Payment and Participation by Office-Based Primary Care Pediatricians.
Pediatrics.141(1):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2017-2570.[PMID] 29273623.
2018
Maternal milk feedings reduce sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and improve outcomes of premature infants.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.38(1):71-74[DOI] 10.1038/jp.2017.149.[PMID] 29048409.
2018
Revisiting the Approach to Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease.
Pediatrics.141(5):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2018-0576.[PMID] 29691283.
2018
Targeted Reforms in Health Care Financing to Improve the Care of Adolescents and Young Adults.
Pediatrics.142(6):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2018-2998.[PMID] 30455343.
2017
Comparison of Recruitment Strategy Outcomes in the National Children's Study.
Pediatrics.140(2):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2016-2822.[PMID] 28724571.
2017
Financing of Pediatric Home Health Care.
Pediatrics.139(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2016-4202.[PMID] 28242864.
2017
Parent-Physician Partnership at the Edge of Viability.
Pediatrics.139(4):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2016-3899.[PMID] 28348202.
2017
Principles of Child Health Care Financing.
Pediatrics.140(3):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2017-2098.[PMID] 28864710.
2017
Relative cost-effectiveness of using a liquid human milk fortifier in preterm infants in the US.
ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR.9():49-57[DOI] 10.2147/CEOR.S122462.[PMID] 28115859.
2017
The Randomized, Controlled Trial of Late Surfactant: Effects on Respiratory Outcomes at 1-Year Corrected Age.
The Journal of pediatrics.183():19-25.e2[DOI] 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.059.[PMID] 28100402.
2016
Codeine Pharmacogenetics as a Proof of Concept for Pediatric Precision Medicine.
Pediatrics.138(1):-[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2016-1359.[PMID] 27335381.
2016
Population Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Premature Infants with Birth Weights Less than 750 Grams.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.60(9):5539-45[DOI] 10.1128/AAC.00963-16.[PMID] 27401564.
2016
Randomized Trial of Late Surfactant Treatment in Ventilated Preterm Infants Receiving Inhaled Nitric Oxide.
The Journal of pediatrics.168():23-29.e4[DOI] 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.031.[PMID] 26500107.
2016
The National Children's Study: An Introduction and Historical Overview.
Pediatrics.137 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S213-8[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2015-4410B.[PMID] 27251867.
2016
The National Children's Study: Recruitment Outcomes Using an Enhanced Household-Based Approach.
Pediatrics.137 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S219-30[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2015-4410C.[PMID] 27251868.
2015
Efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor in very-low-birth-weight infants with early neutropenia.
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi.114(2):174-9[DOI] 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.10.009.[PMID] 25678180.
2015
Infant and maternal characteristics in neonatal abstinence syndrome--selected hospitals in Florida, 2010-2011.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.64(8):213-6[DOI] .[PMID] 25742381.
2014
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP): accomplishments, challenges, and policy recommendations.
Pediatrics.133(3):e784-93[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2013-4059.[PMID] 24470647.
2014
Clinical care for opioid-using pregnant and postpartum women: the role of obstetric providers.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.210(4):302-310[DOI] 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.010.[PMID] 24120973.
2014
Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on candidiasis and mortality in premature infants: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA.311(17):1742-9[DOI] 10.1001/jama.2014.2624.[PMID] 24794367.
2014
Meconium microbiome analysis identifies bacteria correlated with premature birth.
PloS one.9(3):e90784-[DOI] 10.1371/journal.pone.0090784.[PMID] 24614698.
2014
Packed red blood cell transfusion is not associated with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.34(11):858-62[DOI] 10.1038/jp.2014.59.[PMID] 25144159.
2014
The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for perinatal support of an infant with d-transposition of the great arteries, intact atrial and ventricular septa, and flow-restricted ductus arteriosus.
A & A case reports.2(10):126-9[DOI] 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000022.[PMID] 25611994.
2013
A clinical perspective of necrotizing enterocolitis: past, present, and future.
Clinics in perinatology.40(1):27-51[DOI] 10.1016/j.clp.2012.12.012.[PMID] 23415262.
2013
Distortions in development of intestinal microbiota associated with late onset sepsis in preterm infants.
PloS one.8(1):e52876-[DOI] 10.1371/journal.pone.0052876.[PMID] 23341915.
2013
Intestinal microbial ecology and environmental factors affecting necrotizing enterocolitis.
PloS one.8(12):e83304-[DOI] 10.1371/journal.pone.0083304.[PMID] 24386174.
2013
New models for large prospective studies: is there a risk of throwing out the baby with the bathwater?
American journal of epidemiology.177(4):285-9[DOI] 10.1093/aje/kws408.[PMID] 23296354.
2013
Pilot study using proteomics to identify predictive biomarkers of necrotizing enterocolitis from buccal swabs in very low birth weight infants.
Neonatology.104(3):234-42[DOI] 10.1159/000353721.[PMID] 24030199.
2012
Neonatal drug withdrawal.
Pediatrics.129(2):e540-60[DOI] 10.1542/peds.2011-3212.[PMID] 22291123.
2011
Fecal microbiota in premature infants prior to necrotizing enterocolitis.
PloS one.6(6):e20647-[DOI] 10.1371/journal.pone.0020647.[PMID] 21674011.
2010
Prenatal or postnatal indomethacin exposure and neonatal gut injury associated with isolated intestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.30(12):786-93[DOI] 10.1038/jp.2010.59.[PMID] 20410905.
2009
Early neutropenia is not associated with an increased rate of nosocomial infection in very low-birth-weight infants.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.29(3):219-24[DOI] 10.1038/jp.2008.202.[PMID] 19078971.
2007
Neonatal gut barrier and multiple organ failure: role of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Journal of pediatric surgery.42(3):454-61[DOI] .[PMID] 17336180.
2006
Coming full circle: an evidence-based definition of the timing and type of surgical management of very low-birth-weight (<1000 g) infants with signs of acute intestinal perforation.
Journal of pediatric surgery.41(2):418-22[DOI] .[PMID] 16481262.
2006
Criteria supporting the study of drugs in the newborn.
Clinical therapeutics.28(9):1385-98[DOI] .[PMID] 17062311.
2006
Early neonatal hypotension in premature infants born to preeclamptic mothers.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.26(8):471-5[DOI] .[PMID] 16775620.
2006
Impact of gestational age on the clinical presentation and surgical outcome of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association.26(6):342-7[DOI] .[PMID] 16724075.
2006
Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.
The New England journal of medicine.355(4):343-53[DOI] .[PMID] 16870913.
2005
Inhaled nitric oxide for premature infants with severe respiratory failure.
The New England journal of medicine.353(1):13-22[DOI] .[PMID] 16000352.
2005
Neonatal gut injury and infection rate: impact of surgical debridement on outcome.
Pediatric surgery international.21(12):977-82[DOI] .[PMID] 16211416.
2005
Portal venous gas and surgical outcome of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
Journal of pediatric surgery.40(2):371-6[DOI] .[PMID] 15750931.
2004
Rotavirus-associated necrotizing enterocolitis: an insight into a potentially preventable disease?
Journal of pediatric surgery.39(3):453-7[DOI] .[PMID] 15017569.
2003
Palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in 2000-2001: results from The Palivizumab Outcomes Registry.
Pediatric pulmonology.35(6):484-9[DOI] .[PMID] 12746948.
2002
Clinical manifestations of rotavirus infection in the neonatal intensive care unit.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal.21(12):1099-105[DOI] .[PMID] 12488657.
2000
Perinatal lethal form of Gaucher's disease presenting with hemosiderosis.
American journal of perinatology.17(4):201-6[DOI] .[PMID] 11041442.
1998
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and chromosomal abnormalities: report of a lethal association.
Pediatric surgery international.13(8):550-2[DOI] .[PMID] 9799372.
1998
Growth of preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia.
Developmental medicine and child neurology.40(9):580-6[DOI] .[PMID] 9766734.
1997
A multicenter randomized masked comparison trial of synthetic surfactant versus calf lung surfactant extract in the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Pediatrics.100(1):39-50[DOI] .[PMID] 9200358.
1996
A multicenter randomized, masked comparison trial of natural versus synthetic surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.
The Journal of pediatrics.128(3):396-406[DOI] .[PMID] 8774514.
1994
Color Doppler ultrasound of changes in small vessel diameter and cerebral blood flow during acute anemia in the newborn lamb.
Investigative radiology.29(2):188-94[DOI] .[PMID] 8169096.
1994
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia and type of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.
The Journal of pediatrics.125(1):S1-8[DOI] .[PMID] 8021755.
1992
A controlled clinical comparison of four different surfactant preparations in surfactant-deficient preterm lambs.
The American review of respiratory disease.145(5):999-1004[DOI] .[PMID] 1586078.
1992
Calf lung surfactant extract prophylaxis and retinopathy of prematurity.
Ophthalmology.99(4):531-6[DOI] .[PMID] 1584570.
1992
Oxygen free radicals and the cerebral arteriolar response to group B streptococci.
Pediatric research.31(6):640-4[DOI] .[PMID] 1635829.
1991
Cerebral blood flow response to hypercapnia in immature fetal sheep.
The American journal of physiology.261(5 Pt 2):H1366-70[DOI] .[PMID] 1951722.
1989
Hemodilution causes size-dependent constriction of pial arterioles in the cat.
The American journal of physiology.257(3 Pt 2):H912-7[DOI] .[PMID] 2782448.
1989
Home oxygen therapy for chronic lung disease in extremely low-birth-weight infants.
American journal of diseases of children (1960).143(3):357-60[DOI] .[PMID] 2916512.
1989
Hypercapnia and response of cerebral blood flow to hypoxia in newborn lambs.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).66(3):1065-70[DOI] .[PMID] 2496082.
1988
Base-line O2 extraction influences cerebral blood flow response to hematocrit.
The American journal of physiology.254(1 Pt 2):H156-62[DOI] .[PMID] 3337252.
1988
Thrombocytopenia in the neonatal lupus syndrome.
Archives of dermatology.124(4):560-3[DOI] .[PMID] 3258497.
1985
Differentiation of transient hyperammonemia of the newborn and urea cycle enzyme defects by clinical presentation.
The Journal of pediatrics.107(5):712-9[DOI] .[PMID] 4056969.

Office Information

Academic Office
3rd Floor, LRC
653-1 West 8th Street, L16
Jacksonville, FL 32209
(904) 244-3056
mark.hudak@jax.ufl.edu
Executive Assistant
Amanda Lee
(904) 244-3056
amanda.lee2@jax.ufl.edu

Education

Medical Degree
1979 · The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Pediatrics Residency
1982 · The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship
1984 · The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA